Leading the Client to False Expectations

Leading customers to false expectations is so much a part of mass-marketing that it is expected. Leading a customer to false expectations is a sophisticated form of bait and switch. Here the symbol of a product or service is offered, not the substance.

LCFE is calculated method of deceiving customers this includes manipulating emotions, strategically placing merchandise in a way that is confusing and misleading, offering but not giving value and so forth. Consumers daily experience this form of deception. It is so prevalent it is part of the culture and consumers are expected to learn how to shop. Those who learn quickly are rewarded with lower prices, better products and less hassle than younger more naive consumers. From an ethicists point of view these practices might be considered unethical. From a business persons point of view,they are relatively harmless methods of doing business. (see learning curve).

Not fair dealing
Bad faith dealing